As per winter 14 release a new Limit was introduced for apex transactions which was brought in instead of number of script statements (2,00,000 script statement was maximum script statements allowed ).If you are guessing its CPU time out limit i am blogging on ..you are right .Its this new feature which asks for developer to be more smart and more thoughtful in designing and approaching any apex design going forward
One question that quickly came to my mind when this was announced is what will happen to previous code which took more than 10s (Please note for synchronous transactions 10 seconds is the CPU limit ) ?
I found answer to this in my favorite community that i spent lot of my time in(Yes its the salesforce.stackexchange.com)
http://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/18244/how-do-sf-calculate-the-cpu-limit
Read the technical discussion that went deep to exploring OS concepts in computer science .So the answer why the previous code wont break is because salesforce analyzed all their previous code and for each org they took the maximum CPU time that a code took to execute and have set the time out equal to that .Example assume before winter 14 i have an org A and that had a code which did not hit script execution limit but took 15 seconds of CPU time in that case for org A the CPU time limit is 15 seconds .
It wont be fair if i dont explain whats this CPU time of apex transaction here.
CPU Time :Read the below blog link from apex product manager himself to dig deeper .
http://blogs.developerforce.com/engineering/2013/09/script-limits-begone.html
The time taken by the apex transaction in a context including validations,workflows apex code and excluding time taken in DML,queries,callouts is called CPU time .
Lets be once more clear on whats counted in CPU time and whats not
What's counted:
- All Apex code
- Library functions exposed in Apex
- Workflow execution
What's not counted:
- Database operations, e.g. DML, SOQL
- SOSL
- HTTP callouts
Now lets discuss some of the best practices in code which will help to reduce the CPU time out
1)Using Map Based Query
Very clear this was taught to us when we had to reduce script statements ,well same best practice is also useful when you want to reduce the CPU time
2)Explore option to see if your business scenario allows you to do the operation asynchronously
In some cases business process may not be real time and hence if there is a chance to make code execute in @future ,this will break the context and also the CPU time out limit for asynchronous process is 60seconds(6X of synchronous process).So do consider a thought on this if you are in trouble of hitting this limit
3)Aggregate SOQL usage
Since the database time is not calculated in CPU time its always better to explore the usage of aggregate SOQL for your business use case .
Say you want summation of field value of some records ,if you use normal for loop to get these obvious you have spent CPU time there .Instead try to push your calculation using SUM,AVG aggregate functions at the database layer itself so that you have reduced CPU time and have pushed the process on database layer itself.Explore options to group by or create some sort of filtering at database layer and push your calculations at database layer to reduce chances of hitting CPU time out issue .
4)Make sure you take only necessary data and run a loop .
This is essential now to filter only specific data while doing a for on a list of records as too much looping will increase CPU time .Same held good when we had no of script statements limit .
So conclusion is clear some of best practices we used to reduce script statements still hold good and its essential to follow these .
If you have come across any other techniques in apex to reduce the CPU time consumed please post below and i am happy to learn and share .
Happy coding !
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